| Search results - "image" |
"Kissing in Motion""Kissing in Motion" shows the motion of the "shadows" of kissing spheres in a deformation pointed out by J.H. Conway and N.J.A. Sloane, following an observation of H.S.M. Coxeter. The sequence is left-right, right-left, left-right (sometimes called boustrophedon). The image accompanies "Kissing Numbers, Sphere Packings, and Some Unexpected Proofs," by Florian Pfender and Günter M. Ziegler (Notices of the American Mathematical Society, September 2004, p. 873).
--- Bill Casselman
|
|
Kleinian PearlsPeople have long been fascinated with repeated patterns that display a rich collection of symmetries. The discovery of hyperbolic geometries in the nineteenth century revealed a far greater wealth of patterns, some popularized by Dutch artist M. C. Escher in his Circle Limit series of works.
This cover illustration portrays a pattern which is symmetric under a group generated by two Möbius transformations. These are not distance-preserving, but they do preserve angles between curves and they map circles to circles. The image accompanies "Double Cusp Group," by David J. Wright (Notices of the American Mathematical Society, December 2004, p. 1322).
|
|
Coxeter groupsThis image illustrates two types of infinite Coxeter groups and algorithms involved in computation within those groups: one which generates elements of the group one by one, the "Shortlex automaton," and others, more conjectural, which seem to describe the Kazhdan-Lusztig cells of an arbitrary Coxeter group.
The illustration is described in detail and was created to accompany the article "Cells in Coxeter Groups," by Paul E. Gunnells (Notices of the American Mathematical Society, May 2006, p. 528). The explicit finite state machines required to draw the Kazhdan-Lusztig cells were supplied by Gunnells.
--- Bill Casselman
|
|
Dyadic icosahedraThis image exhibits fanciful renderings of the dyadic icosahedra discussed in the article "The p-adic Icosahedron," by Gunther Cornelissen and Fumiharu Kato (Notices of the American Mathematical Society, August 2005, p. 720).
--- Bill Casselman
|
|
Hilbert's Square-Filling Curve"Hilbert's Square-Filling Curve" by The
3DXM Consortium
In 1890 David Hilbert published a construction of a continuous curve whose image completely fills a square, which was a significant contribution to the understanding of continuity. Although it might be considered to be a pathological example, today, Hilbert's curve has become well-known for a very different reason---every computer science student learns about it because the algorithm has proved useful in image compression. See more fractal curves on the 3D-XplorMath Gallery.
--- adapted from "About Hilbert's Square Filling Curve" by Hermann Karcher
|
|
Mandelbrot SetA striking aspect of this image is its self-similarity: Parts of the set look very similar to larger parts of the set, or to the entire set itself. The boundary of the Mandelbrot Set is an example of a fractal, a name derived from the fact that the dimensions of such sets need not be integers like two or three, but can be fractions like 4/3. See more at the 3D-XplorMath Fractal Gallery.
--- Richard Palais (Univ. of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA)
|
|
Hopf Fibered Linked Tori"Hopf Fibered Linked Tori," by The
3DXM Consortium
The Hopf map maps the unit sphere in four-dimensional space to the unit sphere in three-dimensional space. The four tori linked in this image are made up of fibers, or pre-images, of the Hopf map. In this visualization, each fiber has a constant color and the color varies with the distance of the fibers. Any two of the four tori are linked, as are any pair of fibers on a given torus. See more surface images on the 3D-XplorMath Gallery.
--- adapted from "Hopf Fibration and Clifford Translation of the 3-Sphere," by Hermann Karcher
|
|
Parametric Breather"Parametric Breather," by The 3DXM Consortium.
This striking object is an example of a surface in 3-space whose intrinsic geometry is the hyperbolic geometry of Bolyai and Lobachevsky. Such surfaces are in one-to-one correspondence with the solutions of a certain non-linear wave-equation (the so-called Sine-Gordon Equation, or SGE) that also arises in high-energy physics. SGE is an equation of soliton type and the Breather surface corresponds to a time-periodic 2-soliton solution. See more pseudospherical surfaces on the 3D-XplorMath Gallery.
--- Richard Palais (Univ. of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA)
|
|
symmetry3.jpg"Symmetry Energy Image III," by Rob Scharein (Centre for Experimental and Constructive Mathematics, Simon Fraser University, B.C., Canada)
This example illustrates the SE rendering mode in KnotPlot, which visualizes the symmetric energy distribution. KnotPlot is a program to visualize and manipulate mathematical knots in three and four dimensions, and the website includes a wealth of resources and pictures. This picture is a direct screen capture from KnotPlot, rendered entirely in OpenGL, an environment for portable, interactive graphics applications.
--- Rob Scharein
|
|
symmetry2.jpg"Symmetry Energy Image II," by Rob Scharein (Centre for Experimental and Constructive Mathematics, Simon Fraser University, B.C., Canada)
This example illustrates the SE rendering mode in KnotPlot, which visualizes the symmetric energy distribution. KnotPlot is a program to visualize and manipulate mathematical knots in three and four dimensions, and the website includes a wealth of resources and pictures. This picture is a direct screen capture from KnotPlot, rendered entirely in OpenGL, an environment for portable, interactive graphics applications.
--- Rob Scharein
|
|
"A Piece of Hyperspace," by Sarah Mylchreest and Mark NewboldThe quilt depicts a polyhedron known as the Great Triambic Icosidodecahedron. It was paper-pieced by Sarah Mylchreest from a design generated by Mark Newbold using his "Hyperspace Star Polytope Slicer" Java applet. It won a ribbon in the 2002 Vermont Quilt Festival. The Dogfeathers.com site has a description of the quilt pattern.
--- Photograph and image copyright 2005 by Mark Newbold, dogfeathers.com.
|
|
"D-260" Acrylic on paperThis painting has a grid over the ground of the painting which follows the alternating sequence of opaque color, and open spaces. The underlaying image is based on the number 11 and the toroid form also alternates with light "spokes" and darker "spokes." A circular gradation of color radiates within the darker blue color.
|
|
"(1,3,5) Pretzel Knot," by Jarke J. van Wijk (Technische Universiteit Eindhoven). Image courtesy of Jarke J. van Wijk.The yellow tube is a (1, 3, 5) pretzel knot. Such a pretzel knot or link consists of a sequence of angles, where each tangle has a number of twists. The brown surface is a Seifert surface: an orientable surface bounded by the knot. Here the surface is easy to understand; for arbitrary knots such surfaces often have strange and difficult shapes. However, for any knot or link such surfaces can be found, as shown by Herbert Seifert in the 1930's. This image was made with a tool called SeifertView.
--- Jarke J. van Wijk
|
|
"Borromean Rings," by Jarke J. van Wijk (Technische Universiteit Eindhoven). Image courtesy of Jarke J. van Wijk.The Borromean Rings consist of three links. Take one link away and the other links fall apart, but together they are inseparable. Because of this, they are popular as a symbol for strength in unity. Here they are shown from an unusual point of view, and also a Seifert surface is shown. This is an orientable surface, bounded by the links. This image was made with a tool called SeifertView.
--- Jarke J. van Wijk
|
|
"Three Link Chain," by Jarke J. van Wijk (Technische Universiteit Eindhoven). Image courtesy of Jarke J. van Wijk.This knot consists of three similar links, and is threefold-symmetric. The surface shown is a Seifert surface, an orientable surface bounded by the links. Considering only the links, it is hard to imagine that such a surface does exist. However, in the 1930's, the German mathematician Herbert Seifert presented an algorithm to find such surfaces for any knot or link. This image was made with a tool called SeifertView.
--- Jarke J. van Wijk
|
|
|
|
