On the canonical decomposition of generalized modular functions

Abstract:

The authors have conjectured that if a normalized generalized modular function (GMF) $f$, defined on a congruence subgroup $\Gamma$, has integral Fourier coefficients, then $f$ is classical in the sense that some power $f^m$ is a modular function on $\Gamma$. A strengthened form of this conjecture was proved in case the divisor of $f$ is empty. In the present paper we study the canonical decomposition of a normalized parabolic GMF $f = f_1f_0$ into a product of normalized parabolic GMFs $f_1, f_0$ such that $f_1$ has unitary character and $f_0$ has empty divisor. We show that the strengthened form of the conjecture holds if the first “few” Fourier coefficients of $f_1$ are algebraic. We deduce proofs of several new cases of the conjecture, in particular if either $f_0=1$ or the divisor of $f$ is concentrated at the cusps of $\Gamma$.